西班牙 · 申请要求

Spain DNI (National ID) 申请要求 2026

Mandatory for all Spanish nationals aged 14 and over, and available from birth. Issued by the Dirección General de la Policía. Required as the primary national identity document and valid as a travel document within the Schengen area and to a few non-Schengen countries with bilateral agreements (Andorra, Switzerland, etc.). Since 2 April 2026, the digital version via the MiDNI app (under Real Decreto 255/2025) is legally accepted across Spain for in-person identification, though it does not replace the physical DNI for travel.

签发机关 西班牙警察总局 · 最后核对 2026年5月28日 · 官方来源 ↗

一览

申请费

Standard DNI (issue / renewal / loss / theft): €12.00
Renewal due to data change only (address, name): Free
Large family (familia numerosa) holders: Free
Over-70 first renewal (then permanent): €12.00

截至 2026年5月28日 · 详情

办理时长

Cita previa wait (smaller cities): 1–2 weeks
Cita previa wait (Madrid / Barcelona / summer): 4–8 weeks
In-appointment processing: 20–30 minutes
Physical card delivery: Same day, in person

详情

签发机关

西班牙警察总局

谁需要办理 Spain DNI (National ID)？

在哪里申请

Any Oficina de Expedición del DNI located inside a Comisaría de Policía Nacional, regardless of where you are registered (empadronado). Cita previa is mandatory via citapreviadnie.es or by phone on 060. Spaniards abroad apply at their Spanish consulate (limited slots; the card is later collected in Spain or delivered through the consulate).

费用

Standard DNI (issue / renewal / loss / theft): €12.00
Renewal due to data change only (address, name): Free
Large family (familia numerosa) holders: Free
Over-70 first renewal (then permanent): €12.00

Standard fee: €12.00 — unchanged since 2015 — paid in cash, by card at the Comisaría, or online when booking the cita previa. The same €12 applies to first-time issue, scheduled renewal, deterioration, loss, and theft. Renewals limited to a data change (filiación or domicilio) are free. Holders of a valid Carné de Familia Numerosa are fully exempt regardless of category — the original title must be presented at the appointment. There is no fast-track or express upcharge: every DNI is printed on-site.

截至 2026年5月28日的费用。付款前请在官方来源确认最新金额。

需要带的材料

前往办理或随申请提交时需要的文件和物品。

Previous DNI (if renewing) or original literal birth certificate from the Registro Civil issued within the last 6 months specifically for DNI purposes (first-time applications and lost-DNI replacements with no other ID)
One recent colour photo, 32×26 mm, plain white background, head uncovered (the Comisaría usually re-takes the photo on the day, but a backup is required)
Certificado or volante de empadronamiento issued within the last 3 months (mandatory for first-time issue, change of address, or if the address on file is outdated)
Payment of the €12 fee — paid in cash, by card, or online during cita previa booking
Police report (denuncia) — only for loss or theft replacements
Carné or Título de Familia Numerosa in force — only to claim the fee exemption
For minors: presence of both parents/legal guardians with their own DNI/TIE, plus the family book (libro de familia) or birth certificate

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办理需要多久？

Cita previa wait (smaller cities): 1–2 weeks
Cita previa wait (Madrid / Barcelona / summer): 4–8 weeks
In-appointment processing: 20–30 minutes
Physical card delivery: Same day, in person

Same-day issue at the Comisaría in nearly all cases — the new DNI is printed and handed over at the appointment, typically 20–30 minutes after fingerprinting. The bottleneck is the cita previa wait, which ranges from 1–2 weeks in smaller cities to 4–8 weeks in Madrid, Barcelona, and on the Mediterranean coast during summer 2026. There is no postal delivery for the physical card — it is collected in person.

办理时长因地点、季节和个案而异。预订行程前，请务必在官方来源查看当前积压情况。

官方来源

https://www.dnielectronico.es/PortalDNIe/PRF1_Cons02.action?pag=REF_1002

最后核对 2026年5月28日

申请前请核对。 本信息汇总自官方政府来源，并定期重新核对。费用、办理时长和规则可能随时调整 — 申请或支付任何费用前，请务必在官方网站核实最新信息。

常见问题

关于办理 spain dni (national id) 的常见问题。

How much does the Spanish DNI cost in 2026? +

The standard DNI fee is €12.00 — unchanged since 2015. This applies to first issue, scheduled renewal, deterioration, loss, and theft alike. Renewals that only update your address or name are free, and members of a familia numerosa with a valid carné are fully exempt.

How long is the Spanish DNI valid? +

Validity depends on age at the time of issue: 2 years if under 5, 5 years if aged 5–30, 10 years if aged 30–70, and permanent (no further renewals required) once issued after age 70. Persons over 30 who hold gran invalidez status may also receive a permanent DNI.

How quickly can I get my DNI? +

The physical card is printed at the Comisaría during your appointment — usually 20–30 minutes after fingerprinting — and handed to you the same day. There is no postal delivery and no express variant. The real wait is the cita previa: 1–2 weeks in smaller provinces, 4–8 weeks in Madrid and Barcelona, especially in summer 2026.

What do I do if I lose my DNI or it is stolen? +

File a police report (denuncia) at any Comisaría, online via the Oficina Virtual de Denuncias, or by phone for foreign-language speakers. Then book a cita previa for a duplicate. The fee is €12 unless you are familia numerosa. The replacement keeps the same expiry date as the lost card, unless under 90 days remained, in which case a full renewal is issued.

What is the MiDNI app and is it mandatory in 2026? +

MiDNI is the official mobile app from the Policía Nacional that lets you carry a legally valid digital version of your DNI on your phone. Since 2 April 2026, under Real Decreto 255/2025, all public and private entities in Spain are required to accept it for in-person identification. It does not replace the physical DNI for international travel or for remote authentication and electronic signature — those still require the physical DNI 4.0 chip and NFC.

What is the DNI 4.0? +

The DNI 4.0 is the current generation of the electronic DNI, deployed across Spain since 2021. It carries a dual-interface ARM Cortex-M chip with 350 KB of flash memory storing your photo, fingerprints, and two electronic certificates for authentication and signature. NFC support means it can be read by a smartphone, so no separate card reader is needed.

Do children need a DNI in Spain? +

A DNI can be issued from birth and is mandatory from age 14. For minors, both parents (or legal guardians) must attend the appointment with their own ID and either the libro de familia or a literal birth certificate. The validity is 2 years under age 5 and 5 years from 5 to 30.

Can I use my Spanish DNI to travel? +

Yes — the DNI is a valid travel document within the Schengen area and for entry to a small number of countries with bilateral agreements (Andorra, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Iceland, Norway, the United Kingdom in some cases, plus Türkiye, Tunisia, Morocco, etc. with conditions). For any other international travel you need a Spanish passport.